What is the expected phenotypic ratio of green pods to yellow pods in the offspring?

In genetics, the expected phenotypic ratio of offspring can often be determined by looking at simple Mendelian inheritance patterns. In the case of pod color in certain plants, let's assume that green pods are dominant (represented as G) and yellow pods are recessive (represented as g).

When a monohybrid cross occurs between two plants heterozygous for the pod color trait (Gg x Gg), the resulting genotype of the offspring can be analyzed using a Punnett square. The combinations of alleles will yield the following genotypes:

• GG (homozygous dominant)

• Gg (heterozygous)

• Gg (heterozygous again)

• gg (homozygous recessive)

From these genotypes, we find that:

• Two combinations (GG and Gg) result in green pods.

• One combination (gg) results in yellow pods.

Thus, in this cross, three offspring will exhibit the dominant trait (green pods), while one will exhibit the recessive trait (yellow pods). This leads to a phenotypic ratio of 3 green pods for every 1 yellow pod. Hence, the expected ratio of green pods to yellow pods among the offspring is 3