What is true about carriers of genetic disorders like hemophilia?

Carriers of genetic disorders, such as hemophilia, typically possess one copy of the mutated gene but do not show symptoms of the disorder themselves. For conditions that are recessive, carriers generally do not experience the effects of the disorder because they have one normal allele that compensates for the mutated one. However, they still carry the potential to pass on the mutated gene to their offspring.

In the case of hemophilia, which is often X-linked recessive, a male who has the disorder will not pass it to sons (as sons inherit the Y chromosome from their fathers), but he will pass the affected X chromosome to daughters. If a female carrier has children, there is a 50% chance that she could pass on the mutated allele to each child. Therefore, while carriers are asymptomatic regarding the disorder, they can still contribute to the genetic makeup of their children by passing on the gene responsible for the disorder. This aspect underscores the importance of understanding the genetic inheritance patterns involved with such disorders.